Q: What resolution should I use? How many dpi?
A: That depends on the resolution at which you want to use the images, and how much you want to process them.
If you're going to use the images on a computer screen, your final image needn't be more than about 1024 pixels wide by 768 pixels high (the resolution of the best projectors we have available right now).
If you're going to print an image (a photo or a microscope image, for example), you probably want something like 300 dots per inch (dpi) at the final size.
If you're scanning something that's a line drawing or text, and you want to print it back out, go for the highest resolution you can get; the visual system is well suited to pick out small imperfections in text, etc.
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